Islamic Fiqh Schools of thought
Four Major schools of thought.
Hanfi School of Thought
.Write a note on Imam Abu Hanifa?OR
Describe the role/contribution of Imam Abu Hanifa in compilation of fiqah?OR
4. Discuss the role of Imam Abu Hanifa in the codification of Islamic law. Enumerate the Salient features of his fiqah?
SYNOPSIS
1. INTRODUCTION
2. HIS EDUCATION
3. HIS INTELLIGENCE
4. OFFER FOR THE OFFICE OF CHIEF QAZI
5. HIS DEATH
6. JURISTIC THOUGHTS AND THEORIES
(I)FAITH ON QURAN AND SUNNAH
(II) IN RELATION TO HADITH (III) IN RELATION TO IJMA:
(IV) IN RELATION TO QIYAS
(V) IN RELATION TO ISTEHSAN
(VI) IN RELATION TO CUSTOM
7. JURISTIC SERVICES
SALIENT FEATURES OF HIS FIQAH
CONCLUSION:
INTRODUCTION:
Abu Hanif a Numan Ibn Thabit, commonly known as Abu ahifa, was born at Kufa in
Iraq in 80 of Hijra or A.D 699 during e Bani Umayyah period. His father was textile
merchant. He got his education from Hazrat Jaffar Sadiq and Hammad. He was
endowed with talent of exceptional nature and had the true lawyer gift of detecting
nice distinctions. He earned the titles of up holder o private judgment and Great
Imam.
2.HIS EDUCATION:
He first studied Scholastic divinity, but soon abandoned it i favour of jurisprudence.
He attended the lectures of Jafar as Sadi and of Hammad. The traditionist from
whom he heard tradition were Ash-Shabi, Qatadah, Al-A.mad and other men of
eminence in that branch of learning.
3.HIS INTELLIGENCE
:Abu Hanifa was endowed with talents of an exceptional nature and had the true
lawyer's gift of detecting nice distinctions He possessed remarkable powers of
reasoning and deduction which combined with the resources of a retentive memory
and clea understanding, brought him into rapid prominence as a master d
jurisprudence.
4.OFFER FOR THE OFFICE OF CHIEF QAZI:
In the last Stages of Bani Umayyah, Ibn Habaireh th Governor had offered him the
office of Chief Justice, which b declined. Due to his refusal he was subjected to ill
treatment However once again Abu Jaffer offered him the post of Chief Qar which
he similarly declined. The reason why he declined presumed to be his personal
belief that an official could not hold and practice independent views.
5. HIS DEATH:
Imam Abu Hanifa was died in 150 Hijri, in prison. It is sai that he has been poisoned
at the instance the Caliph. He was held such esteem that his funeral prayers, it is
reported, were said for days and on each day about fifty thousand people attended his funeral.
6. JURISTIC THOUGHTS AND THEORIES: The juristic thoughts and theories of
Imam Abu Hanifa arefollows.
(1) FAITH ON QURAN AND SUNNAH:
Imam abu Hanifa had great faith on Quran and Sunnah. the presence of Quran and
Sunnah he gave no value to the sayings others as well as of himself. He accepted the
orders and laws mentioned in the Holy Quran and Sunnah without any debate.
(ID) IN RELATION TO HADITH:
Imam Hanifa considered Sunnah the second source of fiqah after Quran. He
declared Khabar Mutwattar orbit of faith. About his approach towards Aahdith it is
said that he was very discrete in accepting them; in fact he was very strict in this
respect and applied several tests for the verification of authentic traditions. It is said
that he felt justified in acting upon eighteen traditions only out of the great mass
that was then in vogue.
(III) IN RELATION TO IJMA:
Imam Abu Hanifa was the one who extend the concept of ijma to all ages and not
just confined it to the period of the companions and their successors.
(IV) IN RELATION TO QIYAS:
Imam Abu Hanifa was very careful in relation to Qiyas. Heused this doctrine only at
that time when he found nothing in Quran, Sunnah and sayings of Sahaba about a
problem which he had to face.
(V) IN RELATION TO ISTEHSAN:
He also propounded the doctrine of Istehsan
(VI) IN RELATION TO CUSTOM:
Imam Abu Hanifa also recognised the authority of local customs and usages as
guiding of the application of law.
7.JURISTIC SERVICES:
Imam Abu Hanifa rendered great juristic services in the domain of fiqah He was the
first to have introduced Fiqah as a Science. He has solved more than 83,000 juristic
problems.In the work which Abu Hanifa did in the domain of fiqah, he was assisted
by many disciples. He also instituted a Committee consisting of forty men from
among his principal disciples for the codification of laws.His Committee's members
Yahya Ibn Abi Zaid, Hafs ibnGhiyath, Abu Yusuf, Daud at- Tai, Habban and Mandal
were men of to great reputation as Traditionists, Zafar was noted for his power of
deducing rules of law and Qasim ibn Nuim and Muhammad were great Arabic
scholars.The Committee used to discuss any practical and theoretical question that
arose or suggested itself and the conclusions which they agreed upon after a full
and free debate were duly recorded. It took thirty years for the code to be
completed but each part as it was finished was circulated broad cast. The entire
code, however, has now been lost or destroyed which indeed is an irreparable loss to
the cause of Islamic Jurisprudence.
8. SALIENT FEATURES OF HIS FIQAH:
The salient features of Hanafi fiqah are as under.It is very close to human wisdom
and thoughts. Human nature has also been kept in view in it.It is without any
complications and difficulties. It has been codified in easy form so that people may
act on it without facing any new problem.In Hanafi Fiqah, practical point of view has
been given great importance in trade and transactions.In Hanafi Fiqah personal
freedom has been given great value. For instance, an adult woman can perform her
Nikhah without the permission of her waliFiqah Hanafi is a balanced Fiqah, in it,
moderation has been kept in view and avoided from Afrat-o-tafret.Fiqah Hanafi is in
consonance with Nasoos-e-Shariat In it no such matter has been discussed which is
contrary to Quran and Sunnah.
In Fiqah Hanafi, solution of those problem has also been given which might arise in
future..
9. CONCLUSION:
To conclude i can say that Imam Abu Hanifa has rendered great services to the
cause of jurisprudence. He was the first to have introduced Fiqah as Science. He has
solved more than 83,000 juristic problems. The treasure of knowledge that he had
left behind guides the Ummah even today and in all the time
To be continued........
ADVANCE STUDIES.
SOME Amazing facts about Imam ABU HANIFA
Imam Abu Hanifa had a long life spent in research and teaching, during which he set up a legal judicial system to regulate the conditions of Muslims, and his doctrine became a reference for millions of Muslims. Abu Hanifa is considered one of the most prominent scholars of Islamic jurisprudence, and the founder of the Hanafi school, one of the most prevalent Islamic schools of thought.
Imam Abu Hanifas full name was Numan bin Thabit bin Numan bin Marzuban. He was born in Kufa in the year 80 and passed away in 150 after hijrah. After studying the basics of Deen, Imam Saheb engaged himself in trade. Later on through the guidance and encouragement of Imam Shabi (Rahimahullah) he left his occupation and dedicated all his time towards gaining the knowledge of Deen from the Tabieen.
Imam Abu Hanifa dedicated his time to seek the knowledge of Deen under the tutelage of approximately four thousand great scholars the likes of Ata bin Abi Rabah, Alqamah bin Marthid, Imam Baqir, Salama bin Kuhail, Ibrahim al Nakhai, Imam Shabi and Imam Zuhri. They were regarded as the giants of knowledge and authorities in Deen.
Imam Suyuti (911) (Rahimahullah) mentions that Imam Tabari (478) (Rahimahullah) has a write up on a few ahadith from Imam Abu Hanifa (Rahimahullah) which proves that he actually met the following Sahaba: Anus bin Malik, Jabir bin Abdullah, Abdullah bin Jaza al Zubaydi, Maqal bin Yasaar, Wathila bin al Asqa and Aisha bint Ujrah (Radiallahu Taala Anhum Ajmaeen)
Abu Hanifa was good-looking, good-looking, good-natured, good-looking, generous, generous, kind-hearted to his brothers, very humble, meek and pious, and he used to perform many pilgrimages and recite the Holy Qur’an. He emigrated from Kufa to Mecca and resided there for several years, and completed his studies. Jurisprudence in it on Ata bin Abi Rabah and his companions, followers of the school of Abdullah bin Abbas in jurisprudence.
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