IMAM SHAFI'I
Shafi school of Thought
Q. 3. Write a note on Imam Shafi?
OR
Describe the Contributes made by Imam Shafi towards the compilation of Fiqah.
SYNOPSIS
1. INTRODUCTION
2. HIS EDUCATION
3. HIS INTELLIGENCE
4.HIS EMPLOYMENT
5. HIS WRITINGS
6.HIS DEATH
7. JURISTIC THOUGHTS AND THEORIES
ILLM-UL KALAM
(II)1.ISTIDLAL
(III) TRADITION
(IV) IJMA
(V) QIYAS
(VD) ISTEHSAN AND AL-MASLIHAH
8. JURISTIC SERVICES
9. CONCLUSION
INTRODUCTION:
Muhammad Ibn Adris Ash Shafi' was born in Palestine at Gaza in 150 of Hijra.
He was a descendent of Abdul Muttalib. He attended lectures of Imam Malik
in Hijaz on the law and traditions. He also learned much from Muhammad
Shaibani, the pupil of Abu Hanifa. He was eloquent in speech and was very
good in poetry and Arabic language apart from his legal studies. He founded a school of law known as Shafi' School.
2. HIS EDUCATION:
He memorised the Quran at the age of 7 years and Muwatta of Imam Malik at
the age of 13 years. He has got the education of fiqah from Mufti of Makkah,
Khalid Bin Zanji who allowed him to give legal opinions when he was only 15
years old. He also learned much from Muhammad Shiabani, the pupil of Imam
Abu Hanifa
3.HIS INTELLIGENCE:
He was very intelligent. He said at the age of 13 that whatever has asked,
asked from me. By reason of his this intelligence, he has been allowed to give
Fatawas at the age of 15 years. In the recognition of his intelligence Imam
Malik says if Shafi do not born then we remained stand on the door of
knowledge and door of fiqah been closed forever.
4.HIS EMPLOYMENT:
At the age of 30 he was offered a post by the Governor of Yemen As a result
of some intrigue and subsequent accusation he was deported from Yemen
and was sent to Baghdad in the year 184A-H to appear before the Caliph.
5. HIS WRITINGS:
The number of his writings is 113. Famous books are Kitabul-Sunan, Risla-tul-Imam, Ikhtilaf-ul-Hadith.
6.HIS DEATH:
He was died in Egypt in the year 204 A.H. The followers of his school of
thought are in Africa, Arab, Mumbay and Madras
7.JURISTIC THOUGHTS AND THEORIES:
The juristic thoughts and theories of the founder of Shahfi's school of
thought are as under.
ILLM-UL-KALAM:
Illum Kalam has no position in the juristic thoughts and theories of Imam
Shafi. The reason for this was that he disliked that knowledge too much.
ISTIDLAL:
He accepted ratiocination as the last source of Islamic Law.
TRADITION:He was not as strict about verification and acceptance of
traditions as against the Hanafi School. A basic rule he made was "If the chain
of a tradition is complete and sound, it must be followed."
IJMA:
He considered Ijma third big source of Islamic Law after Quran and Tradition
and he gave wide scope to ljma than Imam Malik
QIYAS:
Like Ijma, he also accepted Qiyas and extensively used it to deduce rules of
law.
ISTEHSAN AND AL-MASLIHAH:
He neither recognised juristic preference (Istihsan) of Abu
Hanifa nor did he agree with Al-Maslihah of Imam Malik.
8. JURISTIC SERVICES:
Imam Shafi was a learned personality which the third period of Bani Abbas
had produce. He also contributed his share to overall development of Islamic
law and jurisprudence. He promoted the idea of studying Fiqah and
Traditions from the technical point of view and himself worked intensively in
the same direction. He adopted the middle course between Abu Hanifa and
Malik in the use of traditions. He called his school the up holder of traditions.
He examined the tradition more critically and he made more use of analogy
than Malik. He allowed greater scope to Ijma than Malik, putting a more
liberal and workable interpretation on the well known dictum of the Prophet,
"My people will never agree on error was the first to write a treaties on usul
or principles. Egypt is the strong hold of his doctrines, but his followers are
to be found in other parts of Africa, in Arabia, and also some in India,
specially in Mumbay and Madras.
9.CONCLUSION:
To conclude i can say that Imam Shafi was a Jurist of greater eminence than
his master Imam Malik. He used to deduce legal rules from the Quran,
Traditions, Ijma and Analogy. He neither recognised Juristic Preference
(Istihsan) of Abu Hanifa nor did he agree with al-Maslihah of Imam Malik. He
accepted Istidlal as the last source of Islamic Law. As a Traditionist and
theologian his services will be remembered by people for all the time to come.
Posts
0 Comments